Atlanta Injury Law Blog - Ken Shigley | Georgia Personal Injury Lawyer, Attorney, Law Firm

If you have a non-catastrophic injury in a car or truck accident, or if you are helping someone who has a more serious injury, here are ten things to do after the crash.

1. Call 911. Even if the other driver begs you not to call the police and offers immediate cash payment, call the police. Do not let the other driver talk you out of it. Give the officer accurate and detailed information about what happened They will create an accident report, which can be valuable for insurance claims and legal purposes.
   Obtain a copy of the police report for your records. When a law enforcement officer comes to the scene be polite, respectful, courteous, and calm. Give accurate and complete information in response to the officer’s request. Make notes of the officer’s name, badge number and phone number. Most of them will just write it down and give it to you without being asked, and ask when and where you can pick up the accident report.|
   If you get a ticket, don’t argue with the officer, it doesn’t help. Just sign the ticket to acknowledge receipt and deal with it later.
2. Get photos then move vehicles out of traffic. With a camera phone, quickly get photographs and video of the scene and vehicles. Include any visible injuries, damages to the vehicles, and relevant road conditions, vehicle tags, and company information on the door of any commercial truck. Include photos of all vehicles damage from all angles, skid and gouge marks on the road, and special tags or stickers on the other vehicle. I once tried a case in which jurors focused on a “Jack Daniels” tag on the front of the other vehicle even though there was no evidence of intoxication. This documentation may be helpful for insurance claims or legal proceedings. If nobody is killed or seriously injured, move the vehicles out of the traffic lanes to clear traffic after you have taken those pictures.
3. Exchange information. Do not admit fault in your shaken condition or get into an argument. Just obtain the contact, insurance, and vehicle details of all parties involved in the accident. This includes names, phone numbers, addresses, driver’s license numbers, license plate numbers, and insurance policy information. All that should be included in a police report. You might even just take pictures of the cards with your phone camera and exchange those. But, don’t exchange social security numbers they don’t need it and it could be used for identity theft.
4. Seek immediate medical attention. If you or anyone involved in the accident is injured, prioritize seeking medical attention. If you’re hurt at all, don’t be a stoic hero. Even if you subjectively feel that you are just shaken up, accept an ambulance ride if it’s offered. It’s very common for symptoms to increase the hours and days after an accident. Honestly describe to medical personal exactly what you are feeling in detail, they won’t know if you don’t tell them. But never exaggerate, just tell the truth. Even if you don’t take an ambulance to the hospital, get checked out promptly at a medical office or urgent care facility. Even if you don’t think your injuries are severe, it’s still important to get a medical evaluation as some injuries may not be immediately apparent.
5. Notify your insurance company. Inform your insurance company about the accident, even if you believe you were not at fault. You have paid for insurance to provide for your needs possibly including collision and comprehensive coverage, medical payments coverage, and uninsured / underinsured motorist coverage. They will guide you through the claims process and may require specific documentation. Be careful about talking with the other party’s insurance company. Do not agree to record your statement. Resist the temptation to minimize your injuries and say you’re OK when you may not be OK.
6. Preserve evidence. Preserve any evidence related to the accident, such as medical records, bills, receipts, repair estimates, and correspondence with insurance companies or other parties involved. Keep everything organized and easily accessible.
7. Follow medical advice. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding your treatment and rehabilitation. Attend all follow-up appointments, tell the doctor of all your injury symptoms so that they are properly documented and treated. Keep a log of your medical documentation, diagnoses, treatments, and prescribed medications.
8. Keep a journal. Document your physical and emotional experiences, pain levels, limitations, and any other effects the accident has had on your daily life. You don’t need a whiny “dear diary” type of journal. Concise notes on calendar can be be helpful when discussing your case with medical professionals and legal representatives.
9. Consult an attorney. Consider consulting a personal injury attorney who specializes in car accidents. They can provide legal advice, protect your rights, help secure payment of your accident-related bills, and help you navigate any potential legal claims or lawsuits.
10. Understand your rights. Familiarize yourself with your legal rights, including all applicable time limits. Be aware of any deadlines or legal requirements that may apply to your case.

If you or a loved one have suffered a serious injury in a car or truck crash, submit our inquiry form or call us now at 404-253-7862.

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Johnson & Ward has been a leading personal injury and wrongful death specialty law firm in Atlanta since 1949. The founders of the firm were also among the founders of the Georgia Trial Lawyers Association. Current partners include former presidents of the State Bar of Georgia and the Atlanta Bar Association.

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Ken Shigley, senior counsel at Johnson & Ward, is a former president of the State Bar of Georgia (2011-12). He was the first Georgia lawyer to earn three board certifications from the National Board of Trial Advocacy (Civil Trial Advocacy, Civil Pretrial Advocacy, and Truck Accident Law). In 2019, he received the Traditions of Excellence Award for lifetime achievement. Mr. Shigley was the lead author of eleven editions of Georgia Law of Torts: Trial Preparation and Practice (Thomson Reuters, 2010-21). He graduated from Furman University and Emory University Law School, and completed certificate courses in trial practice, negotiation and mediation at Harvard Law School.

Ankle fractures are a common and potentially debilitating injury that can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. Ankle fractures are injuries that occur to the bones of the ankle, namely the tibia, fibula, and talus. These injuries can range from simple stress fractures to complex breaks involving multiple bones and joint surfaces.

In personal injury law practice in Atlanta, we often see ankle fractures resulting from trips, falls, and direct impact in car and truck accidents.  There are several types of ankle fractures, categorized by the location and extent of the break. These can include lateral malleolus fractures (outside of the ankle), medial malleolus fractures (inside of the ankle), or bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures, involving two or all three malleoli respectively.

Typically, an ankle fracture presents with intense pain immediately after the injury, which can become worse with movement or pressure. The ankle might also appear deformed or out of place, and there may be swelling or bruising. In severe cases, the broken bone may even puncture the skin, a condition known as an open or compound fracture. In one case we handled, our client was struck by a passenger shuttle cart in an airport terminal. The entire incident was caught on the airport security video camera, and showed her ankle flopping from side to side as there was a complete break of both the tibia and fibula.

Even if the fracture is less obvious than in that case, it’s critical to seek immediate medical attention if an ankle fracture is suspected. Ignoring the symptoms can lead to complications like improper healing, chronic pain, and arthritis.

 Diagnosis of an ankle fracture typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests, like X-rays or CT scans, to determine the extent of the fracture. Treatment can vary significantly depending on the severity of the fracture.

For minor ankle fractures, non-surgical treatments like rest, ice, compression, and elevation (the RICE method) may suffice, along with immobilizing the ankle with a cast or boot. Pain relief medications can also be prescribed to manage discomfort.

 In more severe cases, surgery is often necessary to realign and stabilize the bones. This might involve the use of plates, screws, or pins. After surgery, a period of immobilization is necessary for the bones to heal properly.

Ankle joint replacement, also known as total ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate pain and restore function in individuals suffering from severe ankle injury.

Recovery from an ankle fracture can take several weeks to months. The key to a successful recovery is following the prescribed treatment plan and participating in physical therapy. This typically includes exercises to strengthen the ankle and restore mobility and balance. Returning to normal activities should be a gradual process. It’s crucial not to rush recovery as this may lead to re-injury or complications.  Your physician will guide you on when and how to safely resume activities.

Ankle joint replacement, also known as total ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate pain and restore function in individuals suffering from severe ankle arthritis or injury. Ankle joint replacement offers an alternative for patients who seek to retain mobility and flexibility in their ankle joint.

During ankle joint replacement surgery, the damaged portions of the ankle joint are removed and replaced with artificial components made of metal and plastic. The procedure involves making an incision on the front of the ankle, accessing the joint, and carefully removing the arthritic bone surfaces. The artificial components are then secured to the remaining healthy bone using cement or press-fit techniques.

One of the key advantages of ankle joint replacement is that it preserves joint motion. Unlike ankle fusion, where the bones are permanently fused together, ankle replacement allows for a range of motion, facilitating walking, running, and other activities. This improved mobility can significantly enhance a patient’s quality of life, particularly for individuals who have been limited by persistent pain and stiffness.

Recovery from ankle joint replacement typically involves a period of immobilization, followed by physical therapy and rehabilitation. Patients are advised to avoid weight-bearing activities for a few weeks to allow the surgical site to heal properly.

 Physical therapy aims to restore strength, flexibility, and balance. Most patients can expect to return to their normal activities within a few months, although the timeline may vary depending on individual circumstances. As with any surgical procedure, ankle joint replacement carries certain risks, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening, and nerve damage. Therefore, it is crucial for patients to undergo a thorough evaluation and discuss the potential benefits and risks with their orthopedic surgeon. Ankle joint replacement is an effective surgical intervention for individuals suffering from severe ankle arthritis or injury. By restoring joint function and mobility, it can significantly improve the quality of life for patients, enabling them to engage in various activities with decreased pain and increased flexibility.

Physical therapy plays a vital role in the rehabilitation process for individuals recovering from an ankle fracture injury. Physical therapy aims to restore mobility, strength, and flexibility to the injured ankle, as well as improve balance and reduce pain. The initial phase of physical therapy for ankle fracture injury typically focuses on reducing pain, swelling, and inflammation. This may involve techniques such as ice therapy, compression, and elevation. The physical therapist may also recommend the use of assistive devices like crutches or a walking boot to protect the injured ankle and promote healing.

As the healing progresses, the emphasis of physical therapy shifts towards restoring range of motion, flexibility, and strength. Gentle exercises and stretching techniques are introduced to improve ankle mobility and flexibility. These exercises may include ankle circles, toe curls, and gentle calf stretches. The physical therapist will closely monitor the progress and adjust the exercises accordingly to prevent further injury.

 As the ankle becomes stronger and more stable, the focus of physical therapy shifts towards improving balance and proprioception. Balance exercises, such as single-leg stance and wobble board exercises, are incorporated to retrain the muscles and ligaments surrounding the ankle joint. These exercises help enhance stability and prevent future ankle sprains or injuries. Throughout the entire rehabilitation process, physical therapy also educates patients on proper body mechanics, gait training, and strategies to prevent re-injury. This may involve teaching patients how to walk with a normal gait pattern, use proper footwear, and engage in safe physical activities. In conclusion, physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery and rehabilitation of individuals with ankle fracture injuries. By incorporating various therapeutic techniques, exercises, and education, physical therapy aims to restore mobility, strength, and function to the injured ankle, allowing patients to regain their independence and return to their normal activities. It is essential for patients to follow their physical therapist’s guidance and actively participate in their rehabilitation to achieve optimal outcomes.

Permanent impairments after ankle fractures. As personal injury attorneys, we coordinate with physicians who objectively evaluate permanent impairments from injuries following established guidelines and criteria. Permanent impairment ratings after ankle fractures are often used to assess the long-term physical limitations and disabilities resulting from the injury. Permanent impairment ratings serve as a measure of the functional loss or disability that remains after an ankle fracture has healed.

The rating is expressed as a percentage, representing the degree of impairment compared to the normal function of a healthy ankle. The evaluation takes into account factors such as pain, range of motion, strength, stability, and functional limitations.

Most often, impairment ratings are determined based on standardized rating systems, such as the American Medical Association’s Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). Where there are gaps in the AMA Guides, we may look to other ratings systems published by government agencies such as the Veterans Administration.

These rating systems consider various factors, including the severity of the fracture, the presence of complications or associated injuries, the residual pain and stiffness, and any functional limitations in activities of daily living or work-related tasks.

It’s important to note that permanent impairment ratings are not solely based on the physical condition of the ankle joint. They also take into account the impact on the individual’s overall functioning, including their ability to perform work-related tasks and engage in daily activities.

Permanent impairment ratings have significant implications for legal and insurance purposes, as they can affect compensation, disability benefits, and the individual’s ability to return to work. It is crucial for an accurate assessment to be conducted by trained medical professionals who are familiar with the specific rating guidelines and have a comprehensive understanding of the individual’s medical history and functional limitations. In conclusion, permanent impairment ratings after ankle fractures are used to assess the long-term functional limitations resulting from the injury. These ratings consider factors such as pain, range of motion, strength, stability, and functional limitations in activities of daily living and work-related tasks. Accurate and comprehensive evaluations by qualified medical professionals are essential in determining fair and appropriate impairment ratings.

The earlier we are involved in representing the victim of a serious ankle fracture, the better we may be able to steer your case to a successful conclusion.

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If you or a loved one have suffered a spinal cord injury, submit our inquiry form or call us now at 404-253-7862.

————-

Johnson & Ward has been a leading personal injury and wrongful death specialty law firm in Atlanta since 1949. The founders of the firm were also among the founders of the Georgia Trial Lawyers Association. Current partners include former presidents of the State Bar of Georgia and the Atlanta Bar Association.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­______________________________

Ken Shigley, senior counsel at Johnson & Ward, is a former president of the State Bar of Georgia (2011-12). He was the first Georgia lawyer to earn three board certifications from the National Board of Trial Advocacy (Civil Trial Advocacy, Civil Pretrial Advocacy, and Truck Accident Law). In 2019, he received the Traditions of Excellence Award for lifetime achievement. Mr. Shigley was the lead author of eleven editions of Georgia Law of Torts: Trial Preparation and Practice (Thomson Reuters, 2010-21). He graduated from Furman University and Emory University Law School, and completed certificate courses in trial practice, negotiation and mediation at Harvard Law School.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are among the most devastating physical injuries one can suffer. We have had SCI clients whose first reaction was to wish for death rather than life with paralysis.

In our law practice over several decades, we have represented numerous spinal cord injury survivors. Most had benefited from rehabilitation services at Shepherd Center or Emory Rehabilitation Hospital, both of which are near us in Atlanta. All these clients were injured in motor vehicle crashes or falls.

One client who had been a high-powered government executive before an accident made him quadriplegic initially wanted to just turn his face to the wall and die, but after rehab, he used funds from his settlement to equip himself to write books and begin a second career in college teaching.

Another spinal cord injury client was a young woman in college who went on to teach elementary school in a wheelchair, participate in adaptive sports, move west on her own, and become Ms. Wheelchair California. 

Spinal cord injury paralysis occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord, which is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nerves that runs from the base of the brain down to the lower back. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and damage to the spinal cord can result in a loss of neurological function.

The degree of neurological function loss depends on the location and severity of the spinal cord injury. In general, spinal cord injury paralysis can result in a range of symptoms, including loss of sensation, loss of movement, loss of bowel or bladder control, sexual dysfunction, and breathing difficulties.

The location of the spinal cord injury determines which parts of the body are affected. A spinal cord injury that occurs in the cervical (neck) region will typically result in tetraplegia (also known as quadriplegia), which is paralysis of all four limbs and the torso. A spinal cord injury that occurs in the thoracic (chest) region or below will typically result in paraplegia, which is paralysis of the lower limbs and the lower half of the body. Symptoms include loss of sensation,  loss of movement, loss of bowel or bladder control, sexual dysfunction, and breathing difficulties.

Diagnosis of spinal cord injury usually begins with paramedics at an accident scene or with emergency physicians and nurses in a hospital emergency department. Neurological screening in the triage process usually picks up on severe spinal cord injury pretty quickly. However, sometimes a developing SCI is initially subtle in the context of other injuries sustained in a crash. The diagnosis of spinal cord injury (SCI) typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Along with triage, and stabilizing the patient, the medical team will perform a thorough physical examination to assess the patient’s neurological function, including muscle strength, sensation, and reflexes. This may include a rectal exam to check for any loss of bowel or bladder control, which can be indicative of SCI.

Diagnostic tests may include:

– X-rays: X-rays can help identify fractures or dislocations in the spine.

– CT scan: A CT scan can provide detailed images of the spine and help identify any damage to the spinal cord.

– MRI: An MRI can provide even more detailed images of the spinal cord and surrounding tissues, and can help identify the location and extent of the injury.

– Electromyography (EMG): EMG can help evaluate the electrical activity of muscles and nerve cells in the limbs, and may be used to assess the extent of nerve damage.

Family members of spinal cord injury victims often must be advocates for the patient, firmly but respectfully pressing medical personnel and insurance companies to approve the transfer to a top SCI rehabilitation center such as Shepherd or Emory in Atlanta. Such transfers may depend upon bed availability and meeting medical criteria of stabilization for admission.

Once SCI victims are admitted to a rehabilitation facility, family members may be included in treatment team meetings. As your attorneys, we are available to accompany you, with permission, to begin coordinating with the treatment team in evaluating the patient’s long-term financial needs and how we may assist in meeting those needs. This is the beginning of the development of a life care plan that we may present in litigation. We listen first, build rapport, and then ask questions about points we need to effectively advocate for the SCI victim.

Medical treatment for spinal cord injuries may include medication, surgery, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and assistive devices such as wheelchairs, braces, etc.

Medication

Medications can play an important role in the treatment of spinal cord injuries by managing pain, reducing inflammation, preventing infections, and improving neurological function. The specific medications used will depend on the individual patient’s needs and the specifics of their injury.

Pain management is a critical aspect of treating spinal cord injuries, and medications such as opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and muscle relaxants may be prescribed to manage pain. However, the use of opioids must be carefully monitored due to the risk of addiction and other side effects.

Corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone may be used to reduce inflammation and swelling around the spinal cord, which can help preserve neurological function. These medications are typically administered within the first 8 hours after injury and may be continued for several days.

Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent or treat infections, which can be a serious complication of spinal cord injuries. Bladder and bowel dysfunction are common after spinal cord injuries, and antibiotics may be used to prevent urinary tract infections and other infections that can occur due to the inability to empty the bladder properly.

Medications such as baclofen and tizanidine may be used to manage spasticity, which is a common complication of spinal cord injuries. These medications help to relax the muscles and reduce spasms.

In some cases, experimental medications may be used to promote nerve regeneration and improve neurological function. These medications may include growth factors, stem cells, or other drugs that have been shown to promote nerve growth and repair.

Surgery for spinal cord injuries can be divided into two main categories: decompression surgery and stabilization surgery.

Decompression surgery involves removing any material that is putting pressure on the spinal cord, such as bone fragments, herniated disks, or tumors. This type of surgery is aimed at preventing further damage to the spinal cord and potentially improving neurological function.

Stabilization surgery is used to stabilize the spine and prevent further damage. This may involve fusing two or more vertebrae together, using metal plates, screws, or rods to hold the spine in place. This type of surgery can also be used to correct spinal deformities that have resulted from the injury.

In some cases, a combination of decompression and stabilization surgery may be necessary. The goal of surgery is to prevent further damage to the spinal cord and potentially improve neurological function. However, the outcome of surgery is highly dependent on the severity of the injury and the individual patient’s response to treatment. Rehabilitation is often necessary after surgery to help the patient recover and regain as much function as possible.

Neurological Complications

Due to the disruption of nerves controlling body functions,  SCI victims have neurological complications affecting bowel, bladder,  and sexual functions. The extent of dysfunction depends on the level and severity of the SCI.

Bowel complications:

Bowel management is an important aspect of care for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) as the injury can result in disruption of nerve pathways that control bowel function, leading to constipation, diarrhea, or incontinence. Effective bowel management can help prevent complications such as fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, and bowel accidents.

There are several approaches to bowel management in SCI, including:

1. Diet and fluid management: A high-fiber diet and adequate fluid intake can help regulate bowel movements and prevent constipation. It is important to avoid foods that can cause constipation, such as dairy products, red meat, and refined carbohydrates.

2. Medications: Laxatives, stool softeners, and suppositories can be used to help regulate bowel movements and prevent constipation. However, it is important to use these medications under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects.

3. Digital stimulation: This involves inserting a finger into the rectum to stimulate the anal sphincter and initiate bowel movements. This can be done manually or with the help of a device.

4. Manual evacuation: This involves manually removing stool from the rectum using a gloved finger or a device. This may be necessary for individuals with severe constipation or impaction.

5. Bowel training: This involves establishing a regular routine for bowel movements, usually through the use of digital stimulation and manual evacuation. This can help prevent constipation and promote regular bowel movements.

6. Colostomy: In some cases, a surgical procedure called a colostomy may be necessary. This involves creating an opening in the abdomen through which stool can be eliminated. This may be necessary for individuals with severe bowel dysfunction that is not responsive to other treatments.

Effective bowel management requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the individual’s specific needs and preferences. It is important for individuals with SCI to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized bowel management plan that meets their needs and promotes optimal bowel function.

Bladder and Urinary complications:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can have a significant impact on bladder function due to the disruption of the nerve pathways that control bladder muscles and sphincter. Some of the common bladder problems associated with SCI include:

1. Urinary incontinence: This is the inability to control bladder function, leading to involuntary urine leakage. It can occur due to the disruption of nerve pathways that control bladder muscles and sphincter. Treatment options include the use of absorbent pads or diapers, medication, and intermittent catheterization.

2. Difficulty emptying the bladder: SCI can also lead to difficulty emptying the bladder completely, leading to a buildup of urine in the bladder. This can cause urinary tract infections and other complications. Treatment options include the use of medication, intermittent catheterization, or surgical procedures.

3. Frequent urinary tract infections: Individuals with SCI are at increased risk of urinary tract infections due to the disruption of nerve pathways that control bladder function. Treatment options include the use of antibiotics and the prevention of urinary stasis through intermittent catheterization or other means.

4. Bladder stones: SCI can also lead to the formation of bladder stones due to the buildup of minerals in the bladder. Treatment options include the use of medication to dissolve the stones, or surgical procedures to remove them.

5. Autonomic dysreflexia: This is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in individuals with SCI who have a level of injury at or above the sixth thoracic vertebra. It results from an exaggerated response of the autonomic nervous system to a noxious stimulus, such as a bladder or bowel distension. Treatment options include the removal of the noxious stimulus and the use of medication to lower blood pressure.

Sexual complications:

SCI can also affect sexual function. Men with SCI may experience erectile dysfunction, difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, or retrograde ejaculation. Women with SCI may experience decreased lubrication, difficulty achieving orgasm, or reduced sensation. Treatment options include medication, vacuum erection devices, penile injections, and surgical procedures.

Physical therapy is an essential component of the rehabilitation process for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). The goal of physical therapy is to maximize functional independence and improve overall quality of life for the person with SCI.

The specific physical therapy interventions used for SCI depend on the severity and location of the injury, as well as the individual’s overall health and goals. Below are some common physical therapy interventions used for SCI, varying according to level of the injury and residual capability.

1. Range of motion exercises: These exercises help maintain flexibility and prevent joint contractures, which can occur due to immobility.

2. Strengthening exercises: Strengthening exercises help improve muscle strength and endurance, which can help with functional tasks such as transferring, standing, and walking.

3. Balance and coordination training: These exercises help improve balance and coordination, which can reduce the risk of falls and improve overall mobility.

4. Gait training: If paralysis is not complete, gait training involves working on standing and walking, either with or without assistive devices such as braces or walkers.

5. Functional electrical stimulation (FES): FES is a technique that uses electrical impulses to stimulate paralyzed muscles and improve muscle function. This technique can be used to help with walking, standing, and other functional tasks.

6. Assistive devices: Physical therapists can help individuals with SCI choose and learn how to use assistive devices such as wheelchairs, walkers, and braces.

It is important to note that physical therapy is just one component of the overall rehabilitation process for SCI. In addition to physical therapy, individuals with SCI may also receive occupational therapy, speech therapy, and other interventions to address their specific needs and goals.

Occupational therapy is an important component of the rehabilitation process for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The goal of occupational therapy is to help individuals with SCI regain the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and improve their overall quality of life. Here are some common interventions used in occupational therapy for SCI:

1. Self-care training: Occupational therapists can teach individuals with SCI how to perform self-care tasks such as bathing, dressing, and grooming using adaptive techniques and equipment.

2. Upper extremity therapy: Individuals with SCI often experience weakness or paralysis in their upper extremities. Occupational therapists can provide exercises and therapeutic activities to help improve strength, coordination, and function in the arms and hands.

3. Environmental modifications: Occupational therapists can evaluate the home and work environments of individuals with SCI and make recommendations for modifications to improve accessibility and safety.

4. Adaptive equipment: Occupational therapists can help individuals with SCI select and learn to use adaptive equipment such as wheelchairs, lifts, and other assistive devices.

5. Work retraining: Occupational therapists can help individuals with SCI return to work by providing vocational training and job accommodations.

6. Leisure activities: Occupational therapists can work with individuals with SCI to identify and participate in leisure activities that are meaningful to them. This can include activities such as sports, hobbies, and social outings.

It is important to note that occupational therapy is just one component of the overall rehabilitation process for SCI. In addition to occupational therapy, individuals with SCI may also receive physical therapy, speech therapy, and other interventions to address their specific needs and goals.

Adaptive technologies

 Adaptive techniques and equipment can help people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) to live more independently and improve their quality of life. Here are some examples:

1. Wheelchairs: Wheelchairs are one of the most common pieces of equipment used by people with SCI. There are many different types of wheelchairs available, including manual and power wheelchairs, which can be customized to meet an individual’s specific needs. Some wheelchairs are designed for use indoors, while others are designed for outdoor use. In Georgia, Cumberland Island National Seashore even has beach wheelchairs available for visitors.

2. Assistive Devices: There are various assistive devices that can help people with SCI to perform daily activities, such as dressing, grooming, and eating. These can include devices such as dressing sticks, reachers, and adaptive utensils.

3. Transfer Equipment: Transfer equipment such as transfer boards and transfer benches can help individuals with SCI to move from their wheelchair to other surfaces, such as a bed or a car.

4. Standing Frames: Standing frames can help people with SCI to stand upright and experience the benefits of weight-bearing. Standing frames can also help to improve circulation, reduce muscle spasms, and prevent pressure sores.

5. Adapted Vehicles: Adapted vehicles can help people with SCI to travel independently. These vehicles can be modified to include hand controls, lifts, and other adaptive equipment.

6. Home Modifications: Home modifications such as grab bars, wheelchair ramps, and widened doorways can help to make a home more accessible for someone with SCI.

7. Sports Equipment: There are many adaptive sports and recreational activities available for people with SCI, such as wheelchair basketball, hand cycling, and adaptive skiing. Adaptive sports equipment can include specialized wheelchairs, hand cycles, and other equipment designed for people with disabilities.

Overall, adaptive techniques and equipment can help people with SCI to live more independently, participate in activities they enjoy, and improve their overall quality of life. It is important to work with healthcare professionals and assistive technology specialists to determine the best equipment and techniques for each individual’s unique needs.

 Mouth operated control devices

Even a person who is a complete quadriplegic may regain a degree of agency with mouth-operated control devices.  Sip and puff and tongue controls are two types of assistive technology that can be used by individuals with quadriplegia to control wheelchairs and computers.

Sip and puff controls use a straw-like device that is placed in the user’s mouth. By sipping or puffing on the device, the user can control the movement of the wheelchair. For example, sipping may cause the wheelchair to move forward, while puffing may cause it to move backward. Sip and puff controls can also be used to control other devices, such as l

Red environmental controls, communication devices, and computer software.

Tongue controls use a small magnet that is attached to the user’s tongue with a piercing. The magnet is connected to a sensor on the user’s wheelchair or computer, which allows them to control the movement of the device by moving their tongue in different directions. Tongue controls can be an effective alternative to traditional joystick controls for individuals with limited hand or arm function.

Both sip and puff and tongue controls require training and practice to use effectively. However, once mastered, these technologies can provide individuals with quadriplegia with greater independence and control over their environment.

In addition to controlling wheelchairs, sip and puff and tongue controls can also be used to operate computers. For example, individuals with quadriplegia can use these devices to control the mouse cursor, type using an on-screen keyboard, and access software applications. There are a variety of software programs and applications available that are specifically designed for use with assistive technology, making it easier for individuals with quadriplegia to use computers and access information.

Overall, sip and puff and tongue controls are important assistive technologies for individuals with quadriplegia, providing them with greater independence and control over their environment. It is important for individuals with quadriplegia to work with healthcare professionals and assistive technology specialists to determine the best technology for their unique needs.

Psychological effects of spinal cord injuries.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) almost always have a significant impact on a person’s psychological well-being. Dir to a profound effect on a person’s sense of self, identity, and relationships with others. Additionally, the sudden and traumatic nature of SCI can result in feelings of shock, disbelief, and grief.

Depression is a common psychological effect of SCI. Depression can be caused by a range of factors, including the loss of physical ability, social isolation, and chronic pain. Depression can also make it more difficult for people with SCI to engage in rehabilitation and can lead to a slower recovery.

Anxiety is another common psychological effect of SCI. Anxiety can be caused by a range of factors, including the uncertainty of the future, the loss of control over one’s body, and the fear of experiencing medical complications. People with SCI may also experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of the traumatic event that caused their injury.

Furthermore, individuals with SCI usually experience significant changes in their relationships and social lives.  SCI tremendously impedes ability to participate in social activities, leading to social isolation and feelings of loneliness. This often has  a huge impact on their mental health.

Finally, the physical limitations of SCI can lead to feelings of frustration, anger, and a sense of helplessness. These feelings can be exacerbated by the challenges of adapting to a new way of life, including learning new skills and coping with the physical, emotional, and financial strain of the injury.

Conclusion

The treatment team at a major spinal cord injury rehabilitation center can help to optimize the best attainable degree if recovery. As attorneys experienced in spinal cord injury cases, we stand ready to work with the patient’s family and treatment team to obtain funds for an optimal life care plan.   

If you or a loved one have experienced a catastrophic spinal cord injury in a motor vehicle crash or an accident on business property, either submit our inquiry form or call 404-253-7862.

If you or a loved one have suffered a spinal cord injury, submit our inquiry form or call us now at 404-253-7862.

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Johnson & Ward has been a leading personal injury and wrongful death specialty law firm in Atlanta since 1949. The founders of the firm were also among the founders of the Georgia Trial Lawyers Association. Current partners include former presidents of the State Bar of Georgia and the Atlanta Bar Association.

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Ken Shigley, senior counsel at Johnson & Ward, is a former president of the State Bar of Georgia (2011-12). He was the first Georgia lawyer to earn three board certifications from the National Board of Trial Advocacy (Civil Trial Advocacy, Civil Pretrial Advocacy, and Truck Accident Law). In 2019, he received the Traditions of Excellence Award for lifetime achievement. Mr. Shigley was the lead author of eleven editions of Georgia Law of Torts: Trial Preparation and Practice (Thomson Reuters, 2010-21). He graduated from Furman University and Emory University Law School, and completed certificate courses in trial practice, negotiation and mediation at Harvard Law School.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the jaw to the skull, and it is responsible for all of our jaw movements, including speaking, chewing, and yawning. injuries can be incredibly painful and debilitating. When this joint is injured, it can cause a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe pain and limited mobility.

Causes of TMJ Injuries
TMJ injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Trauma: A blow to the face or jaw can cause a TMJ injury. This is common in car
  accidents, sports injuries, and falls.

• Grinding or clenching of teeth: Overuse of the TMJ due to grinding or clenching of
  teeth can cause inflammation and damage to the joint.

• Arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis can cause inflammation and damage to
  the TMJ.

• Stress: Stress can cause tension in the jaw muscles, leading to TMJ pain and
  discomfort.
  Symptoms of TMJ Injury
  
• Pain or tenderness in the jaw joint, face, neck, or shoulders.

• Difficulty or pain when chewing, speaking, or opening the mouth wide.

• Clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth.

• Locking of the jaw joint, making it difficult to open or close the mouth.

• Headaches or earaches.

• Dizziness or ringing in the ears.
• 
  Treatment for TMJ injuries will depend on the severity of the injury and the underlying cause. Some common treatment options include:

• Resting the jaw: Avoiding chewing gum, hard foods, and other activities that strain the jaw joint can help ease TMJ pain.

• Applying heat or cold: Applying a warm or cold compress to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and pain.

• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to help relieve TMJ pain.

• Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen and stretch the jaw muscles can help improve TMJ function.

• Bite guards: Wearing a customized bite guard can help reduce teeth grinding and clenching, which can cause TMJ pain.

• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged joint.
  
• What to Do If You Have Suffered a TMJ Injury
  If you have suffered a TMJ injury due to someone else’s negligence, such as in a car accident or a sports injury, you may be entitled to compensation. In order to pursue a personal injury claim, you will need to prove that the other party’s negligence was the proximate cause of your injury. This can be a complex process, and it is important to work with an experienced personal injury attorney who can help you navigate the legal system.
  
  A personal injury attorney can help you gather evidence to support your claim, such as medical records, witness statements, and accident reports. They can also negotiate with insurance companies on your behalf to ensure that you receive fair compensation for your injuries, including medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and any other damages related to your TMJ injury.
  
  It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if you believe you have suffered a TMJ injury. A doctor can diagnose the injury and recommend a treatment plan. This documentation will also be crucial in supporting your personal injury claim. In addition to seeking medical attention and working with a personal injury attorney, there are other steps you can take to protect your legal rights after a TMJ injury:

• Document the details of the accident or incident that led to your injury. Take photos of any visible injuries or damage.

• Keep track of all medical appointments, treatments, and expenses related to your TMJ injury.

• Avoid discussing your case with anyone other than your attorney.

• Follow all medical advice and treatment recommendations.

• Keep a journal of your symptoms and how they are affecting your daily life.

If you or a loved one have suffered a serious temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injury, submit our inquiry form or call us at 404-253-7862.

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Johnson & Ward has been a leading personal injury and wrongful death specialty law firm in Atlanta since 1949. The founders of the firm were also among the founders of the Georgia Trial Lawyers Association. Current partners include former presidents of the State Bar of Georgia and the Atlanta Bar Association.

Ken Shigley, senior counsel at Johnson & Ward, is a former president of the State Bar of Georgia (2011-12). He was the first Georgia lawyer to earn three board certifications from the National Board of Trial Advocacy (Civil Trial Advocacy, Civil Pretrial Advocacy, and Truck Accident Law). In 2019, he received the Traditions of Excellence Award for lifetime achievement. Mr. Shigley was the lead author of eleven editions of Georgia Law of Torts: Trial Preparation and Practice (Thomson Reuters, 2010-21). He graduated from Furman University and Emory University Law School, and completed certification courses in negotiation and mediation at Harvard Law School.

Facial scars can be a traumatic and profoundly life-changing experience for many individuals. Such highly visible scars can result from a v-ariety of incidents including car accidents, dog bites, burns, and assaults. In addition to the physical pain and scarring, the psychological and social ramifications of facial scars can be significant.

As personal injury lawyers, we have seen firsthand the impact that facial scars can have on our clients. In this blog post, we will discuss the medical and legal aspects of facial scar injuries, including the use of plastic surgery, as well as the psychological, social, and mate selection ramifications.

I grew up with a highly visible scar on one side of my face from a birth injury. It provoked questions and teasing throughout childhood and affected my self-confidence. Fortunately, it faded out in adolescence but left an awareness of how facial scars can affect a person’s life.

Medical and Legal Aspects of Facial Scar Injuries

Facial scars can range from minor cuts and bruises to deep lacerations that require surgery. Depending on the severity of the injury, treatment may involve stitches, skin grafts, or reconstructive surgery. In some cases, individuals may require ongoing medical treatment or therapy to help them cope with the physical and emotional toll of their injuries. Individuals who have suffered facial scar injuries as a result of someone else’s negligence may be entitled to compensation for their medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. We can help victims navigate the legal system and hold the responsible parties accountable for their actions.

Plastic Surgery for Facial Scars

Plastic surgery is one of the most common treatments for facial scars. Depending on the severity of the injury, plastic surgery may involve the use of skin grafts, tissue expansion, or scar revision. Scar revision surgery and dermabrasion can be effective to improve the appearance of scars, reduce their visibility, and restore function to the affected area but never fully eliminate scars.

However, while plastic surgery can be an effective treatment for facial scars, it is not a cure-all. Some scars may never be completely eliminated, and the results of plastic surgery may not be permanent. Additionally, plastic surgery can be expensive and may not be covered by the patient’s insurance.

Psychological Ramifications of Facial Scars

The psychological ramifications of facial scars can be significant. Individuals may experience feelings of self-consciousness, shame, and embarrassment. They may also feel anxious or depressed and may avoid social situations or activities they once enjoyed.

In some cases, the psychological impact of facial scars can be long-lasting and may require ongoing therapy or counseling to address. It is important for individuals who have suffered facial scars to seek support and to develop coping mechanisms to help them manage their emotions.

Social Ramifications of Facial Scars

Individuals with facial scars may feel stigmatized or discriminated against. In extreme cases, they may also be subjected to negative social stereotypes or assumptions about their character or abilities, which can make it difficult for them to form relationships or advance in their careers.

We handled a facial scar injury to a small child who had been bitten in the face by a neighbor’s dog, causing an asymmetrical, jagged scar on one side of his face. Evidence of psychological studies on the effect of such scars on mate selection and career opportunities led to a large recovery.

In some cases, individuals with facial scars may be able to use their experiences to inspire others or to advocate for change. However, it is important to recognize that everyone responds to facial scars differently and that there is no one-size-fits-all solution.

Career Opportunities and Mate Selection Ramifications of Facial Scars

Finally, facial scars can have an impact on career opportunities and mate selection. Individuals who  have suffered facial scars be rated lower on job interviews than candidates who have none. Socially, people with visible facial scars may face additional challenges or barriers in dating and mating. People with facial scars may be perceived as less attractive or less desirable as romantic partners. This can be a profoundly negative factor in the quality of life.  That may be more significant for asymmetrical scars on one side of the face and more profound for females.

However, facial scars can actually be seen as a sign of resilience or strength and may be viewed as attractive by some individuals. Sometimes guys bear moderate scars as badges of honor as reflected in the cliché that “chicks dig scars.”  

It is important to recognize that physical appearance is just one factor in mate selection, and that individuals with facial scars can and do form loving, fulfilling relationships. It is also important to recognize that it is important for individuals who have suffered facial scars to focus on their strengths and to recognize that their scars do not define them. They should also be open and honest with potential romantic partners about their scars and their experiences and should seek partners who are supportive and understanding.

Conclusion

Facial scars can have a significant impact on an individual’s physical, psychological, and social well-being. As personal injury lawyers, we understand the importance of providing our clients with compassionate and comprehensive support as they navigate the legal and medical aspects of their injuries.

It is also important for individuals who have suffered facial scars to seek support from their friends, family, and healthcare providers, and to develop coping mechanisms to help them manage the emotional toll of their injuries.

Ultimately, it is important for society as a whole to recognize the unique challenges and experiences of individuals with facial scars, and to work towards creating a more inclusive and accepting world. By providing support and understanding, we can help individuals with facial scars to live full and fulfilling lives and to achieve their goals and aspirations.

If you or a loved one have suffered a serious facial scarring injury, call us at 404-253-7862.

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Johnson & Ward has been a leading personal injury and wrongful death specialty law firm in Atlanta since 1949. The founders of the firm were also among the founders of the Georgia Trial Lawyers Association. Current partners include former presidents of the State Bar of Georgia and the Atlanta Bar Association.

Ken Shigley, senior counsel at Johnson & Ward, is a former president of the State Bar of Georgia (2011-12). He was the first Georgia lawyer to earn three board certifications from the National Board of Trial Advocacy (Civil Trial Advocacy, Civil Pretrial Advocacy, and Truck Accident Law). In 2019, he received the Traditions of Excellence Award for lifetime achievement. Mr. Shigley was the lead author of eleven editions of Georgia Law of Torts: Trial Preparation and Practice (Thomson Reuters, 2010-21). He graduated from Furman University and Emory University Law School, and completed certification courses in negotiation and mediation at Harvard Law School.